インド民主主義体制における古語問題 : 政府のウルドゥー語政策

The present article analyses how the Indian National Congress tried to mobilize the Muslim vote, with a special focus on the Congress's Urdu policy. India is the world's largest democracy, but also a multi-ethnic, religious and linguistic nation. Since the Constitution of India stipulates secularism as one of the main principles of the nation, no political parties can take may have any policy based on religious grounds. However, the Muslim community has constituted an important vote bank for the Congress. Therefore, the Congress needed some policy tacitly wooing the Muslim community. The article deals with two issues, i.e. the status of the Aligarh Muslim University (AMU) and the Urdu issue in Uttar Pradesh (UP). Both AMU and Urdu are important Muslim symbols. The Central Congress Government granted "the minority character" of AMU. The Congress also initiated steps in 1980 to make Urdu the second official language of the UP state, and the State Assembly finally passed the Urdu Language Bill in 1989. Since then, two major changes have taken place in UP. First, ironically Congress lost the UP election by a huge margin in 1989, and a non-Congress government was formed. This means Muslims did not support the Urdu policy of Congress. Secondly, the Urdu language controversy led to deterioration of the relationship between the Hindu and the Muslim communities. Thus, the Urdu policy of Congress not only made no substantial contribution to the betterment of Muslim life but escalated the tension between the Hindu and Muslim communities. The Bhartiya Janata Party is said to have challenged the principle of secularism in Indian politics. However, Congress also played an important role in communalizing Indian politics.

大東アジア学論集

AA11580892

21859760

3

79

95

2003-03-31

日本語

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